# This Makefile fragment declares toolchain related helper functions. # The copy_toolchain_lib_root function copies a toolchain library and # its symbolic links from the sysroot directory to the target # directory. Note that this function is used both by the external # toolchain logic, and the glibc package, so care must be taken when # changing this function. # # $1: library name pattern (can include glob wildcards) # copy_toolchain_lib_root = \ LIBPATTERN="$(strip $1)"; \ LIBPATHS=`find $(STAGING_DIR)/ -name "$${LIBPATTERN}" 2>/dev/null` ; \ for LIBPATH in $${LIBPATHS} ; do \ while true ; do \ LIBNAME=`basename $${LIBPATH}`; \ DESTDIR=`echo $${LIBPATH} | sed "s,^$(STAGING_DIR)/,," | xargs dirname` ; \ mkdir -p $(TARGET_DIR)/$${DESTDIR}; \ rm -fr $(TARGET_DIR)/$${DESTDIR}/$${LIBNAME}; \ if test -h $${LIBPATH} ; then \ cp -d $${LIBPATH} $(TARGET_DIR)/$${DESTDIR}/$${LIBNAME}; \ OLD_LIBPATH="$${LIBPATH}"; \ LIBPATH="`readlink -f $${LIBPATH}`"; \ if [ "$${LIBPATH}" = "" ]; then \ echo "LIBPATH empty after trying to resolve symlink $${OLD_LIBPATH}" 1>&2; \ exit 1; \ fi; \ elif test -f $${LIBPATH}; then \ $(INSTALL) -D -m0755 $${LIBPATH} $(TARGET_DIR)/$${DESTDIR}/$${LIBNAME}; \ break ; \ else \ exit -1; \ fi; \ done; \ done # # Copy the full external toolchain sysroot directory to the staging # dir. The operation of this function is rendered a little bit # complicated by the support for multilib toolchains. # # We start by copying etc, 'lib', sbin, usr and usr/'lib' from the # sysroot of the selected architecture variant (as pointed to by # ARCH_SYSROOT_DIR). This allows to import into the staging directory # the C library and companion libraries for the correct architecture # variant. 'lib' may not be literally 'lib' but could be something else, # e.g. lib32-fp (as determined by ARCH_LIB_DIR) and we only want to copy # that lib directory and no other. When copying usr, we therefore need # to be extra careful not to include usr/lib* but we _do_ want to # include usr/libexec. # We are selective in the directories we copy since other directories # might exist for other architecture variants (on Codesourcery # toolchain, the sysroot for the default architecture variant contains # the armv4t and thumb2 subdirectories, which are the sysroot for the # corresponding architecture variants), and we don't want to import # them. # # If ARCH_LIB_DIR is not a singular directory component, e.g. # 'lib32/octeon2', then symbolic links in ARCH_LIB_DIR and # usr/ARCH_LIB_DIR may be broken because Buildroot will flatten the # directory structure (e.g. lib32/octeon2/foo is actually stored in # lib/foo). This is only relevant for links that contain one or more ../ # components, as links to the current directory are always fine. # We need to fix the broken links by removing the right amount of ../ # dots from the link destination. # Once the link destination is valid again, it can be simplified to # remove the dependency on intermediate directory symlinks. # # It is possible that ARCH_LIB_DIR does not contain the dynamic loader # (ld*.so or similar) because it (or the main symlink to it) normally # resides in /lib while ARCH_LIB_DIR may be something else (e.g. lib64, # lib/, ...). Therefore, copy the dynamic loader separately. # # Then, if the selected architecture variant is not the default one # (i.e, if SYSROOT_DIR != ARCH_SYSROOT_DIR), then we : # # * Import the header files from the default architecture # variant. Header files are typically shared between the sysroots # for the different architecture variants. If we use the # non-default one, header files were not copied by the previous # step, so we copy them here from the sysroot of the default # architecture variant. # # * Create a symbolic link that matches the name of the subdirectory # for the architecture variant in the original sysroot. This is # required as the compiler will by default look in # sysroot_dir/arch_variant/ for libraries and headers, when the # non-default architecture variant is used. Without this, the # compiler fails to find libraries and headers. # # Some toolchains (i.e Linaro binary toolchains) store support # libraries (libstdc++, libgcc_s) outside of the sysroot, so we simply # copy all the libraries from the "support lib directory" into our # sysroot. # # Note that the 'locale' directories are not copied. They are huge # (400+MB) in CodeSourcery toolchains, and they are not really useful. # # $1: main sysroot directory of the toolchain # $2: arch specific sysroot directory of the toolchain # $3: arch specific subdirectory in the sysroot # $4: directory of libraries ('lib', 'lib32' or 'lib64') # $5: support lib directories (for toolchains storing libgcc_s, # libstdc++ and other gcc support libraries outside of the # sysroot) copy_toolchain_sysroot = \ SYSROOT_DIR="$(strip $1)"; \ ARCH_SYSROOT_DIR="$(strip $2)"; \ ARCH_SUBDIR="$(strip $3)"; \ ARCH_LIB_DIR="$(strip $4)" ; \ SUPPORT_LIB_DIR="$(strip $5)" ; \ for i in etc $${ARCH_LIB_DIR} sbin usr usr/$${ARCH_LIB_DIR}; do \ if [ ! -d $${ARCH_SYSROOT_DIR}/$$i ] ; then \ continue ; \ fi ; \ if [ "$$i" = "usr" ]; then \ rsync -au --chmod=u=rwX,go=rX --exclude 'locale/' \ --include '/libexec*/' --exclude '/lib*/' \ $${ARCH_SYSROOT_DIR}/$$i/ $(STAGING_DIR)/$$i/ ; \ else \ rsync -au --chmod=u=rwX,go=rX --exclude 'locale/' \ $${ARCH_SYSROOT_DIR}/$$i/ $(STAGING_DIR)/$$i/ ; \ fi ; \ done ; \ for link in $$(find $(STAGING_DIR) -type l); do \ target=$$(readlink $${link}) ; \ if [ "$${target}" == "$${target$(SHARP_SIGN)/}" ] ; then \ continue ; \ fi ; \ relpath="$(call relpath_prefix,$${target$(SHARP_SIGN)/})" ; \ echo "Fixing symlink $${link} from $${target} to $${relpath}$${target$(SHARP_SIGN)/}" ; \ ln -sf $${relpath}$${target$(SHARP_SIGN)/} $${link} ; \ done ; \ relpath="$(call relpath_prefix,$${ARCH_LIB_DIR})" ; \ if [ "$${relpath}" != "" ]; then \ for i in $$(find -H $(STAGING_DIR)/$${ARCH_LIB_DIR} $(STAGING_DIR)/usr/$${ARCH_LIB_DIR} -type l -xtype l); do \ LINKTARGET=`readlink $$i` ; \ NEWLINKTARGET=$${LINKTARGET\#$$relpath} ; \ ln -sf $${NEWLINKTARGET} $$i ; \ $(call simplify_symlink,$$i,$(STAGING_DIR)) ; \ done ; \ fi ; \ if [[ ! $$(find $(STAGING_DIR)/lib -name 'ld*.so.*' -print -quit) ]]; then \ find $${ARCH_SYSROOT_DIR}/lib -name 'ld*.so.*' -print0 | xargs -0 -I % cp % $(STAGING_DIR)/lib/; \ fi ; \ if [ `readlink -f $${SYSROOT_DIR}` != `readlink -f $${ARCH_SYSROOT_DIR}` ] ; then \ if [ ! -d $${ARCH_SYSROOT_DIR}/usr/include ] ; then \ cp -a $${SYSROOT_DIR}/usr/include $(STAGING_DIR)/usr ; \ fi ; \ mkdir -p `dirname $(STAGING_DIR)/$${ARCH_SUBDIR}` ; \ relpath="$(call relpath_prefix,$${ARCH_SUBDIR})./" ; \ ln -s $${relpath} $(STAGING_DIR)/$${ARCH_SUBDIR} ; \ echo "Symlinking $(STAGING_DIR)/$${ARCH_SUBDIR} -> $${relpath}" ; \ fi ; \ if test -n "$${SUPPORT_LIB_DIR}" ; then \ cp -a $${SUPPORT_LIB_DIR}/* $(STAGING_DIR)/lib/ ; \ fi ; \ find $(STAGING_DIR) -type d -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 755 # # Check the specified kernel headers version actually matches the # version in the toolchain. # # $1: build directory # $2: sysroot directory # $3: kernel version string, in the form: X.Y # $4: test to do for the latest kernel version, 'strict' or 'loose' # always 'strict' if this is not the latest version. # check_kernel_headers_version = \ if ! support/scripts/check-kernel-headers.sh $(1) $(2) $(3) \ $(if $(BR2_TOOLCHAIN_HEADERS_LATEST),$(4),strict); \ then \ exit 1; \ fi # # Check the specific gcc version actually matches the version in the # toolchain # # $1: path to gcc # $2: expected gcc version # check_gcc_version = \ expected_version="$(strip $2)" ; \ if [ -z "$${expected_version}" ]; then \ exit 0 ; \ fi; \ real_version=`$(1) -dumpversion` ; \ if [[ ! "$${real_version}." =~ ^$${expected_version}\. ]] ; then \ printf "Incorrect selection of gcc version: expected %s.x, got %s\n" \ "$${expected_version}" "$${real_version}" ; \ exit 1 ; \ fi # # Check the availability of a particular glibc feature. This function # is used to check toolchain options that are always supported by # glibc, so we simply check that the corresponding option is properly # enabled. # # $1: Buildroot option name # $2: feature description # check_glibc_feature = \ if [ "$($(1))" != "y" ] ; then \ echo "$(2) available in C library, please enable $(1)" ; \ exit 1 ; \ fi # # Check the availability of RPC support in a glibc toolchain # # $1: sysroot directory # check_glibc_rpc_feature = \ IS_IN_LIBC=`test -f $(1)/usr/include/rpc/rpc.h && echo y` ; \ if [ "$(BR2_TOOLCHAIN_HAS_NATIVE_RPC)" != "y" -a "$${IS_IN_LIBC}" = "y" ] ; then \ echo "RPC support available in C library, please enable BR2_TOOLCHAIN_EXTERNAL_INET_RPC" ; \ exit 1 ; \ fi ; \ if [ "$(BR2_TOOLCHAIN_HAS_NATIVE_RPC)" = "y" -a "$${IS_IN_LIBC}" != "y" ] ; then \ echo "RPC support not available in C library, please disable BR2_TOOLCHAIN_EXTERNAL_INET_RPC" ; \ exit 1 ; \ fi # # Check the correctness of a glibc external toolchain configuration. # 1. Check that the C library selected in Buildroot matches the one # of the external toolchain # 2. Check that all the C library-related features are enabled in the # config, since glibc always supports all of them # # $1: sysroot directory # check_glibc = \ SYSROOT_DIR="$(strip $1)"; \ if test `find -L $${SYSROOT_DIR}/ -maxdepth 2 -name 'ld-linux*.so.*' -o -name 'ld.so.*' -o -name 'ld64.so.*' | wc -l` -eq 0 ; then \ echo "Incorrect selection of the C library"; \ exit -1; \ fi; \ $(call check_glibc_feature,BR2_USE_MMU,MMU support) ;\ $(call check_glibc_rpc_feature,$${SYSROOT_DIR}) # # Check that the selected C library really is musl # # $1: cross-gcc path # $2: cross-readelf path check_musl = \ __CROSS_CC=$(strip $1) ; \ libc_a_path=`$${__CROSS_CC} -print-file-name=libc.a` ; \ if ! strings $${libc_a_path} | grep -q MUSL_LOCPATH ; then \ echo "Incorrect selection of the C library" ; \ exit -1; \ fi # # Check the conformity of Buildroot configuration with regard to the # uClibc configuration of the external toolchain, for a particular # feature. # # If 'Buildroot option name' ($2) is empty it means the uClibc option # is mandatory. # # $1: uClibc macro name # $2: Buildroot option name # $3: uClibc config file # $4: feature description # check_uclibc_feature = \ IS_IN_LIBC=`grep -q "\#define $(1) 1" $(3) && echo y` ; \ if [ -z "$(2)" ] ; then \ if [ "$${IS_IN_LIBC}" != "y" ] ; then \ echo "$(4) not available in C library, toolchain unsuitable for Buildroot" ; \ exit 1 ; \ fi ; \ else \ if [ "$($(2))" != "y" -a "$${IS_IN_LIBC}" = "y" ] ; then \ echo "$(4) available in C library, please enable $(2)" ; \ exit 1 ; \ fi ; \ if [ "$($(2))" = "y" -a "$${IS_IN_LIBC}" != "y" ] ; then \ echo "$(4) not available in C library, please disable $(2)" ; \ exit 1 ; \ fi ; \ fi # # Check the correctness of a uclibc external toolchain configuration # 1. Check that the C library selected in Buildroot matches the one # of the external toolchain # 2. Check that the features enabled in the Buildroot configuration # match the features available in the uClibc of the external # toolchain # # $1: sysroot directory # check_uclibc = \ SYSROOT_DIR="$(strip $1)"; \ if ! test -f $${SYSROOT_DIR}/usr/include/bits/uClibc_config.h ; then \ echo "Incorrect selection of the C library"; \ exit -1; \ fi; \ UCLIBC_CONFIG_FILE=$${SYSROOT_DIR}/usr/include/bits/uClibc_config.h ; \ $(call check_uclibc_feature,__ARCH_USE_MMU__,BR2_USE_MMU,$${UCLIBC_CONFIG_FILE},MMU support) ;\ $(call check_uclibc_feature,__UCLIBC_HAS_LFS__,,$${UCLIBC_CONFIG_FILE},Large file support) ;\ $(call check_uclibc_feature,__UCLIBC_HAS_IPV6__,,$${UCLIBC_CONFIG_FILE},IPv6 support) ;\ $(call check_uclibc_feature,__UCLIBC_HAS_RPC__,BR2_TOOLCHAIN_HAS_NATIVE_RPC,$${UCLIBC_CONFIG_FILE},RPC support) ;\ $(call check_uclibc_feature,__UCLIBC_HAS_LOCALE__,BR2_ENABLE_LOCALE,$${UCLIBC_CONFIG_FILE},Locale support) ;\ $(call check_uclibc_feature,__UCLIBC_HAS_WCHAR__,BR2_USE_WCHAR,$${UCLIBC_CONFIG_FILE},Wide char support) ;\ $(call check_uclibc_feature,__UCLIBC_HAS_THREADS__,BR2_TOOLCHAIN_HAS_THREADS,$${UCLIBC_CONFIG_FILE},Thread support) ;\ $(call check_uclibc_feature,__PTHREADS_DEBUG_SUPPORT__,BR2_TOOLCHAIN_HAS_THREADS_DEBUG,$${UCLIBC_CONFIG_FILE},Thread debugging support) ;\ $(call check_uclibc_feature,__UCLIBC_HAS_THREADS_NATIVE__,BR2_TOOLCHAIN_HAS_THREADS_NPTL,$${UCLIBC_CONFIG_FILE},NPTL thread support) # # Check that the Buildroot configuration of the ABI matches the # configuration of the external toolchain. # # $1: cross-gcc path # $2: cross-readelf path # check_arm_abi = \ __CROSS_CC=$(strip $1) ; \ EXT_TOOLCHAIN_TARGET=`LANG=C $${__CROSS_CC} -v 2>&1 | grep ^Target | cut -f2 -d ' '` ; \ if ! echo $${EXT_TOOLCHAIN_TARGET} | grep -qE 'eabi(hf)?$$' ; then \ echo "External toolchain uses the unsuported OABI" ; \ exit 1 ; \ fi ; \ if ! echo 'int main(void) {}' | $${__CROSS_CC} -x c -o $(BUILD_DIR)/.br-toolchain-test.tmp - ; then \ rm -f $(BUILD_DIR)/.br-toolchain-test.tmp*; \ abistr_$(BR2_ARM_EABI)='EABI'; \ abistr_$(BR2_ARM_EABIHF)='EABIhf'; \ echo "Incorrect ABI setting: $${abistr_y} selected, but toolchain is incompatible"; \ exit 1 ; \ fi ; \ rm -f $(BUILD_DIR)/.br-toolchain-test.tmp* # # Check that the external toolchain supports C++ # # $1: cross-g++ path # check_cplusplus = \ __CROSS_CXX=$(strip $1) ; \ $${__CROSS_CXX} -v > /dev/null 2>&1 ; \ if test $$? -ne 0 ; then \ echo "C++ support is selected but is not available in external toolchain" ; \ exit 1 ; \ fi # # # Check that the external toolchain supports D language # # $1: cross-gdc path # check_dlang = \ __CROSS_GDC=$(strip $1) ; \ __o=$(BUILD_DIR)/.br-toolchain-test-dlang.tmp ; \ printf 'import std.stdio;\nvoid main() { writeln("Hello World!"); }\n' | \ $${__CROSS_GDC} -x d -o $${__o} - ; \ if test $$? -ne 0 ; then \ rm -f $${__o}* ; \ echo "D language support is selected but is not available in external toolchain" ; \ exit 1 ; \ fi ; \ rm -f $${__o}* \ # # # Check that the external toolchain supports Fortran # # $1: cross-gfortran path # check_fortran = \ __CROSS_FC=$(strip $1) ; \ __o=$(BUILD_DIR)/.br-toolchain-test-fortran.tmp ; \ printf 'program hello\n\tprint *, "Hello Fortran!\\n"\nend program hello\n' | \ $${__CROSS_FC} -x f95 -o $${__o} - ; \ if test $$? -ne 0 ; then \ rm -f $${__o}* ; \ echo "Fortran support is selected but is not available in external toolchain" ; \ exit 1 ; \ fi ; \ rm -f $${__o}* \ # # # Check that the external toolchain supports OpenMP # # $1: cross-gcc path # check_openmp = \ __CROSS_CC=$(strip $1) ; \ __o=$(BUILD_DIR)/.br-toolchain-test-openmp.tmp ; \ printf '\#include \nint main(void) { return omp_get_thread_num(); }' | \ $${__CROSS_CC} -fopenmp -x c -o $${__o} - ; \ if test $$? -ne 0 ; then \ rm -f $${__o}* ; \ echo "OpenMP support is selected but is not available in external toolchain"; \ exit 1 ; \ fi ; \ rm -f $${__o}* \ # # Check that the cross-compiler given in the configuration exists # # $1: cross-gcc path # check_cross_compiler_exists = \ __CROSS_CC=$(strip $1) ; \ $${__CROSS_CC} -v > /dev/null 2>&1 ; \ if test $$? -ne 0 ; then \ echo "Cannot execute cross-compiler '$${__CROSS_CC}'" ; \ exit 1 ; \ fi # # Check for toolchains known not to work with Buildroot. # - For the Angstrom toolchains, we check by looking at the vendor part of # the host tuple. # - Exclude distro-class toolchains which are not relocatable. # - Exclude broken toolchains which return "libc.a" with -print-file-name. # - Exclude toolchains used with wrong toolchain cflags or broken toolchains # which return "libc.a" with -print-file-name and toolchain cflags. # - Exclude toolchains which doesn't support --sysroot option. # # $1: cross-gcc path # $1: toolchain cflags # check_unusable_toolchain = \ __CROSS_CC=$(strip $1) ; \ __TOOLCHAIN_CFLAGS=$(strip $2) ; \ vendor=`$${__CROSS_CC} -dumpmachine | cut -f2 -d'-'` ; \ if test "$${vendor}" = "angstrom" ; then \ echo "Angstrom toolchains are not pure toolchains: they contain" ; \ echo "many other libraries than just the C library, which makes" ; \ echo "them unsuitable as external toolchains for build systems" ; \ echo "such as Buildroot." ; \ exit 1 ; \ fi; \ with_sysroot=`$${__CROSS_CC} -v 2>&1 |sed -r -e '/.* --with-sysroot=([^[:space:]]+)[[:space:]].*/!d; s//\1/'`; \ if test "$${with_sysroot}" = "/" ; then \ echo "Distribution toolchains are unsuitable for use by Buildroot," ; \ echo "as they were configured in a way that makes them non-relocatable,"; \ echo "and contain a lot of pre-built libraries that would conflict with"; \ echo "the ones Buildroot wants to build."; \ exit 1; \ fi; \ libc_a_path=`$${__CROSS_CC} -print-file-name=libc.a` ; \ if test "$${libc_a_path}" = "libc.a" ; then \ echo "Unable to detect the toolchain sysroot, Buildroot cannot use this toolchain." ; \ exit 1 ; \ fi ; \ libc_a_archsysroot_path=`$${__CROSS_CC} $${__TOOLCHAIN_CFLAGS} -print-file-name=libc.a` ; \ if test "$${libc_a_archsysroot_path}" = "libc.a" ; then \ echo "Unable to detect the toolchain architecture sysroot." ; \ echo "Please check the Target Architecture Variant selected, the toolchains may not support it." ; \ echo "Buildroot cannot use this toolchain." ; \ exit 1 ; \ fi; \ sysroot_dir="$(call toolchain_find_sysroot,$${__CROSS_CC})" ; \ if test -z "$${sysroot_dir}" ; then \ echo "External toolchain doesn't support --sysroot. Cannot use." ; \ exit 1 ; \ fi # # Check if the toolchain has SSP (stack smashing protector) support # # $1: cross-gcc path # $2: gcc ssp option # check_toolchain_ssp = \ __CROSS_CC=$(strip $1) ; \ __HAS_SSP=`echo 'void main(){}' | $${__CROSS_CC} -Werror -fstack-protector -x c - -o $(BUILD_DIR)/.br-toolchain-test.tmp >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo y` ; \ if [ "$(BR2_TOOLCHAIN_HAS_SSP)" != "y" -a "$${__HAS_SSP}" = "y" ] ; then \ echo "SSP support available in this toolchain, please enable BR2_TOOLCHAIN_EXTERNAL_HAS_SSP" ; \ exit 1 ; \ fi ; \ if [ "$(BR2_TOOLCHAIN_HAS_SSP)" = "y" -a "$${__HAS_SSP}" != "y" ] ; then \ echo "SSP support not available in this toolchain, please disable BR2_TOOLCHAIN_EXTERNAL_HAS_SSP" ; \ exit 1 ; \ fi ; \ __SSP_OPTION=$(2); \ if [ -n "$${__SSP_OPTION}" ] ; then \ if ! echo 'void main(){}' | $${__CROSS_CC} -Werror $${__SSP_OPTION} -x c - -o $(BUILD_DIR)/.br-toolchain-test.tmp >/dev/null 2>&1 ; then \ echo "SSP option $${__SSP_OPTION} not available in this toolchain, please select another SSP level" ; \ exit 1 ; \ fi; \ fi; \ rm -f $(BUILD_DIR)/.br-toolchain-test.tmp* # # Generate gdbinit file for use with Buildroot # gen_gdbinit_file = \ mkdir -p $(STAGING_DIR)/usr/share/buildroot/ ; \ echo "add-auto-load-safe-path $(STAGING_DIR)" > $(STAGING_DIR)/usr/share/buildroot/gdbinit ; \ echo "set sysroot $(STAGING_DIR)" >> $(STAGING_DIR)/usr/share/buildroot/gdbinit # Given a path, determine the relative prefix (../) needed to return to the # root level. Note that the last component is treated as a file component; use a # trailing slash to force treating it as a directory. Examples: # relpath_prefix(lib32) = "" # relpath_prefix(lib32/octeon2) = "../" # relpath_prefix(lib32/octeon2/) = "../../" # # $1: input path define relpath_prefix $$( \ prefix="" ; \ nbslashs=`printf $1 | sed 's%[^/]%%g' | wc -c` ; \ for slash in `seq 1 $${nbslashs}` ; do \ prefix=$${prefix}"../" ; \ done ; \ printf "$$prefix" ; \ ) endef # Replace the destination of a symbolic link with a simpler version # For example, # usr/lib/libfoo.so -> ../../lib32/libfoo.so.1 # becomes # usr/lib/libfoo.so -> ../../lib/libfoo.so.1 # since 'lib32' is a symlink to 'lib'. # # Likewise, # usr/lib/octeon2/libbar.so -> ../../../lib32/octeon2/libbar.so.1 # becomes # usr/lib/octeon2/libbar.so -> ../../lib/libbar.so.1 # assuming lib32->lib and lib/octeon2->lib. # # $1: symlink # $2: base path define simplify_symlink ( \ FULL_SRC="$$(readlink -f $$(dirname $1))/$$(basename $1)" ; \ FULL_DEST="$$(readlink -f $1)" ; \ FULL_BASE="$$(readlink -f $2)" ; \ REL_SRC="$${FULL_SRC#$${FULL_BASE}/}" ; \ REL_DEST="$${FULL_DEST#$${FULL_BASE}/}" ; \ DOTS="$(call relpath_prefix,$${REL_SRC})" ; \ ln -sf "$${DOTS}$${REL_DEST}" "$${FULL_SRC}" ; \ ) endef