Commit 006a328ad6 ("util-linux: fix build with ncurses") removed
dependency on BR2_USE_WCHAR, but failed to update the reverse
dependencies of util-linux.
This commit updates comments in Config.in for BR2_USE_WCHAR for reverse
dependencies of util-linux which directly uses wchar now or when it is
pulled from other dependencies.
eudev doesn't use wchar directly, but needs C99 compiler. Autotools
generate code with wchar_t for checking C99 compiler.
Signed-off-by: Rahul Bedarkar <rahul.bedarkar@imgtec.com>
Cc: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Cc: Baruch Siach <baruch@tkos.co.il>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Don't force remounting / read/write when using a customskeleton and
systemd as init system, to fix the following unmet dependencies:
warning: (BR2_INIT_SYSTEMD) selects BR2_TARGET_GENERIC_REMOUNT_ROOTFS_RW
which has unmet direct dependencies (BR2_ROOTFS_SKELETON_DEFAULT)
Signed-off-by: "Yann E. MORIN" <yann.morin.1998@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
As recently discussed on lwn.net: https://lwn.net/Articles/695478/
The kernel has special behaviour for uid/gid 65534:
1. The kernel maps UIDs > 65535 to it when some subsystem/API/fs
only supports 16bit UIDs, but a 32bit UID is passed to it.
2. it's used by the kernel's user namespacing as the internal UID
that external UIDs are mapped to that don't have any local mapping.
3. It's used by NFS for all user IDs that cannot be mapped locally if
UID mapping is enabled.
Most distributions already map (or are in the progress of changing)
nobody/nogroup to the 65534 uid/gid, so lets do so as well.
Signed-off-by: Peter Korsgaard <peter@korsgaard.com>
Acked-by: Arnout Vandecappelle (Essensium/Mind) <arnout@mind.be>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
It uses spawn() and thus fork(), so it needs an MMU.
Fixes a build issue reported on IRC for a cortex-m4 build:
http://pastebin.com/dGCsy0sr
Signed-off-by: "Yann E. MORIN" <yann.morin.1998@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Currently, we limit installing zoneinfo to non-musl toolchain, by lack
of knowledge on how it would work on musl.
Turns out that musl uses the same zoneinfo format as glibc does.
Make it possible to install the TZ info whatever the C library; for
musl, use tzdata as for glibc.
Thanks Rich! ;-)
Signed-off-by: "Yann E. MORIN" <yann.morin.1998@free.fr>
Cc: Rich Felker <dalias@aerifal.cx>
Cc: Marc Khouri <marc@khouri.ca>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
The options to purge locales and to generate locale data are currently
located in the toolchain menu. However, these options are not really
related to the toolchain per-se, they are more system-level
configuration options, much like the timezone selection option we
already have in the "System configuration" menu.
Therefore, it makes more sense to have the locale-related options in
the "System configuration" menu as well.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Korsgaard <peter@korsgaard.com>
With this config you can bootup a Linux kernel
in GDB simulator and test Blackfin kernel and
userland.
Signed-off-by: Waldemar Brodkorb <wbx@openadk.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
We expect the custom skeleton to be fully filled with the necessary
files, now. There is definitely no reason we should handle setting the
hostname and the issue file in there. A user using a custom skeleton
should be fully responsible for providing a functional skeleton.
Signed-off-by: "Yann E. MORIN" <yann.morin.1998@free.fr>
Reviewed-by: Romain Naour <romain.naour@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
We expect the custom skeleton to be fully filled with the necessary
files, now. There is definitely no reason we should handle network
settings in there. A user using a custom skeleton should be fully
responsible for providing a functional skeleton.
Signed-off-by: "Yann E. MORIN" <yann.morin.1998@free.fr>
Reviewed-by: Romain Naour <romain.naour@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
In the following commits, we'll be switching more options to be
conditional on the default or custom skeleton.
So, it makes sense that those options come after the choice of a
skeleton.
Signed-off-by: "Yann E. MORIN" <yann.morin.1998@free.fr>
Reviewed-by: Romain Naour <romain.naour@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Being custom means that our default one is not suitable to start with.
So there is no reason to offer it as the default path.
Add a check that it is not empty.
Add a separating empty line, for good measure, too.
Signed-off-by: "Yann E. MORIN" <yann.morin.1998@free.fr>
Cc: Romain Naour <romain.naour@openwide.fr>
Cc: Arnout Vandecappelle <arnout@mind.be>
Reviewed-by: Romain Naour <romain.naour@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
We now have a real file in that directory, so we do not need a .empty
placeholder.
Signed-off-by: "Yann E. MORIN" <yann.morin.1998@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Supporting a R/O rootfs needs a bit more love to be fully operational.
This will come in later patches...
Signed-off-by: "Yann E. MORIN" <yann.morin.1998@free.fr>
Reviewed-by: Romain Naour <romain.naour@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Currently, our /etc/mtab points to /proc/mounts. This was all neat so
far, and was good for a sysv-like init system.
However, the way today is to point it at /proc/self/mounts, the
per-process mount tab.
Additionnally, that's what systemd expects. If /etc/mtab is not a
symlink to ../proc/self/mounts and the rootfs is readonly, systemd would
whine loudly (and a service unit would be marked failed).
Since it works well for sysv-like init systems too, just use that.
Signed-off-by: "Yann E. MORIN" <yann.morin.1998@free.fr>
Reviewed-by: Romain Naour <romain.naour@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Arnout Vandecappelle (Essensium/Mind) <arnout@mind.be>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Some users have the need to be able to tweak the content of the target
rootfs with root-like rights, that is, from inside the fakeroot script.
Add a new system option to allow those users to provide a list of
scripts, like the post-build and post-image scripts, that will be run
from our fakeroot script.
[Peter: pass TARGET_DIR to scripts, tweak help text]
Signed-off-by: "Yann E. MORIN" <yann.morin.1998@free.fr>
Cc: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Cc: Peter Korsgaard <peter@korsgaard.com>
Cc: Cam Hutchison <camh@xdna.net>
Signed-off-by: Peter Korsgaard <peter@korsgaard.com>
Add the support of capability to makedevs as extended attribute.
Now, it's possible to add a line "|xattr <capability>" after a
file description to also add a capability to this file. It's
possible to add severals capabilities with severals lines.
[Peter: extend doc, reword Config.in, extend error message,
use HOST_MAKEDEVS_CFLAGS/LDFLAGS for all flags]
Signed-off-by: Philippe Reynes <philippe.reynes@sagemcom.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Korsgaard <peter@korsgaard.com>
Following the removal of eglibc support, this commit replaces all
occurences of "(e)glibc" by just "glibc". Most of the occurences are in
package Config.in comments.
In addition, when the form "an (e)glibc ..." was used, it is replaced by
"a glibc ...".
[Peter: add new efi* packages, s/uclibc/uClibc as suggested by Romain,
systemd / liquid-dsp tweaks as suggested by Yann]
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Reviewed-by: Romain Naour <romain.naour@gmail.com>
Acked-by: "Yann E. MORIN" <yann.morin.1998@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: Peter Korsgaard <peter@korsgaard.com>
It can be a little bit misleading to have no init system...
Add a comment that states the user has to provide his own init system,
either via a package or a rootfs overlay.
It is expected that such a user will know what to provide, so we don't
really need to specify that it should be /init or /sbin/init or any
arbitrary executable pointed to by the kernel command line "init=..."
or anything else...
Signed-off-by: "Yann E. MORIN" <yann.morin.1998@free.fr>
Cc: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Cc: Peter Korsgaard <peter@korsgaard.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
It was the only one with a trailing slash, it's only for coherence's
sake.
Signed-off-by: Maxime Hadjinlian <maxime.hadjinlian@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Arnout Vandecappelle (Essensium/Mind) <arnout@mind.be>
Signed-off-by: Peter Korsgaard <peter@korsgaard.com>
/etc/profile only sources files that matches the /etc/profile.d/*.sh
pattern, so /etc/profile.d/umask was never sourced.
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Cavallari <nicolas.cavallari@green-communications.fr>
Acked-by: Arnout Vandecappelle (Essensium/Mind) <arnout@mind.be>
Signed-off-by: Peter Korsgaard <peter@korsgaard.com>
The ldconfig handling in the main Makefile is utterly broken, as it
calls the build machine ldconfig to generate the ld.so.cache of the
target. Unfortunately, the format of the ld.so.cache is architecture
specific, and therefore the build machine ldconfig cannot be used
as-is.
This patch therefore simply drops using ldconfig entirely, and removes
/etc/ld.so.conf.d/ from the target skeleton. The idea is that all
libraries that should be loaded by the dynamic linker must be
installed in paths where the dynamic linker searches them by default
(typically /lib or /usr/lib).
This might potentially break a few packages, but the only way to know
is to actually stop handling ldconfig.
In order to be notified of such cases, we add a check in
target-finalize to verify that there is no /etc/ld.so.conf file as
well as no /etc/ld.so.conf.d directory.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Acked-by: "Yann E. MORIN" <yann.morin.1998@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: Peter Korsgaard <peter@korsgaard.com>
/etc/inputrc is configuration file for readline. However, until now, it
was provided by skeleton. This patch install /etc/inputrc from readline
recipe.
Signed-off-by: Jérôme Pouiller <jezz@sysmic.org>
Acked-by: Gustavo Zacarias <gustavo@zacarias.com.ar>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
/etc/issue is managed with BR2_TARGET_GENERIC_ISSUE. In case
BR2_TARGET_GENERIC_ISSUE is set (which is default), /etc/issue
is overwritten. In case BR2_TARGET_GENERIC_ISSUE is not set,
we don't want /etc/issue exist.
Finaly, remove /etc/issue from skeleton.
Signed-off-by: Jérôme Pouiller <jezz@sysmic.org>
Reviewed-by: "Maxime Hadjinlian" <maxime.hadjinlian@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Korsgaard <peter@korsgaard.com>
With systemd and a custom skeleton, we end up with the following warning:
warning: (BR2_INIT_SYSTEMD) selects BR2_ROOTFS_MERGED_USR which has
unmet direct dependencies (BR2_ROOTFS_SKELETON_DEFAULT)
Which makes sense as the logic to install the symlinks to /usr is part of
the default skeleton handling, but the BR2_ROOTFS_MERGED_USR symbol is ALSO
used by packages to activate various workarounds for a merged /usr, so it
should be always active when using systemd even with a custom rootfs
skeleton (that by definition must use a merged /usr as required by systemd).
So introduce a dummy symbol with the same name for the custom skeleton case,
similar to how we handle the BR2_PACKAGE_BUSYBOX_SHOW_OTHERS option.
This is a hidden option so it can only be activated by enabling systemd (and
not if people just want to use a merged /usr with a custom skeleton but not
systemd), but as this is really a legacy option that is probably good enough
(if not, patches are welcome!).
Signed-off-by: Peter Korsgaard <peter@korsgaard.com>
This reverts commit b4718c3a28.
The BR2_ROOTFS_MERGED_USR symbol is used to activate various workarounds for
a merged /usr by packages, so it should be active even with a custom rootfs
skeleton.
Signed-off-by: Peter Korsgaard <peter@korsgaard.com>
With systemd and a custom skeleton, you end up with the following
warning:
warning: (BR2_INIT_SYSTEMD) selects BR2_ROOTFS_MERGED_USR which has
unmet direct dependencies (BR2_ROOTFS_SKELETON_DEFAULT)
Signed-off-by: Maxime Hadjinlian <maxime.hadjinlian@gmail.com>
Acked-by: "Yann E. MORIN" <yann.morin.1998@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
This patch has same purpose than 49964858f4:
On some machines, the network interface is slow to appear. For example,
on the Raspberry Pi, the network interface eth0 is an ethernet-over-USB,
and our standard boot process is too fast, so our network startup script
is called before the USB bus is compeltely enumerated, thus it can't
configure eth0.
Closes#8116.
However, wait-delay hook is enabled only if wait-delay property appears
in /etc/network/interfaces. This patch enable it automaticaly when
interface is configured through DHCP at bootup. But, if user choose
to write /etc/network/interface himself, he have to explicitly
set wait-delay.
Signed-off-by: Jérôme Pouiller <jezz@sysmic.org>
Reviewed-by: "Yann E. MORIN" <yann.morin.1998@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
gid 37 was referenced in /etc/passwd but not in /etc/group
Signed-off-by: Jérôme Pouiller <jezz@sysmic.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Korsgaard <peter@korsgaard.com>
In commit 3dde19e5f3, the ftp user was
removed from /etc/passwd, /etc/group and /home in the skeleton, but
the corresponding entry was not removed from /etc/shadow. This commit
fixes that.
Cc: Maxime Hadjinlian <maxime.hadjinlian@gmail.com>
Cc: Vicente Olivert Riera <Vincent.Riera@imgtec.com>
Cc: "Yann E. MORIN" <yann.morin.1998@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Acked-by: "Yann E. MORIN" <yann.morin.1998@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
systemd is increasingly expecting things to live in /usr/bin, /usr/sbin
or /usr/lib nad not in /bin, /sbin or /lib. It has inherited those
expectations from a Fedora change:
https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/UsrMove
Note however, that systemd does support /usr being on a separate
filesystem; it just expects an initramfs to mount it before the final
switchroot over to the actual rootfs.
But the traditional use-case for Buildroot is not to boot with an
initramfs; although that is totally feasible, that's probably not what
is commonly done in the vast majority of cases.
However, a lot of packages still install stuff directly into /bin,
/sbin or /lib, which systemd may need early-on in the boot process,
even before it may have a chance to mount /usr. Even though we can
tell systemd, at configure-time, where it should expect programs to
be at runtime, it does not make sense to go head-first against an
upstream wa^Hill.
Add an option so that /bin, /sbin and /lib be symlinks to /usr/bin
and /usr/sbin. That option is forcibly enabled when the init system
is systemd.
Note: we need not handle /lib32 or /lib64, as they already are symlinks
to /lib, which means they will automatically be redirected to /usr/lib,
as /usr/lib32 and /usr/lib64 already are.
Furthermore, this means we're no longer supporting a split-usr setup, so
the corresponding configure options have been removed as well for
systemd and, when using a merged /usr, for eudev as well.
In Buildroot, we decided (with this patch) not to support a split-usr
when systemd is used as an init system. This is a design decision, not
a systemd issue. Thus the select is with BR2_INIT_SYSTEMD rather than
with BR2_PACKAGE_SYSTEMD.
Signed-off-by: "Yann E. MORIN" <yann.morin.1998@free.fr>
Cc: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Cc: Arnout Vandecappelle <arnout@mind.be>
Cc: Mike Williams <mike@mikebwilliams.com>
Cc: Vicente Olivert Riera <Vincent.Riera@imgtec.com>
Cc: Baruch Siach <baruch@tkos.co.il>
Tested-by: Mike Williams <mike@mikebwilliams.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Fix indent and put PATH on a single line.
Signed-off-by: Maxime Hadjinlian <maxime.hadjinlian@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Arnout Vandecappelle (Essensium/Mind) <arnout@mind.be>
Reviewed-by: Luca Ceresoli <luca@lucaceresoli.net>
Tested-by: Luca Ceresoli <luca@lucaceresoli.net>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
There's a lot of code in /etc/profile, which doesn't really belong in a
minimal default skeleton.
Also, add an 'unset i' to avoid clutter.
If the user has a specific needs, it needs to be added in
/etc/profile.d/ by a post-build script.
Signed-off-by Maxime Hadjinlian <maxime.hadjinlian@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Arnout Vandecappelle (Essensium/Mind) <arnout@mind.be>
Reviewed-by: Luca Ceresoli <luca@lucaceresoli.net>
Tested-by: Luca Ceresoli <luca@lucaceresoli.net>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
The "Dynamic using mdev" and "Dynamic using eudev" /dev management
methods are using devtmpfs, just like "Dynamic using devtmpfs only",
on top of which they add either mdev or eudev. But their names might
suggest they use mdev only or eudev only.
Clarify their descriptions by adding "devtmpfs +" to make it
unambiguous.
[Thomas: rewrap the paragraphs in the manual. It makes the diff a lot
less readable, but we actually want the result to be wrapped.]
Signed-off-by: Luca Ceresoli <luca@lucaceresoli.net>
Reviewed-by: Arnout Vandecappelle (Essensium/Mind) <arnout@mind.be>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
/dev/shm is needed for systems using shared memory. On init-based systems
this directory is usually created in the inittab along with /dev/pts, by
the lines:
package/busybox/inittab:
::sysinit:/bin/mkdir -p /dev/pts
::sysinit:/bin/mkdir -p /dev/shm
package/sysvinit/inittab:
si2::sysinit:/bin/mkdir -p /dev/pts
si3::sysinit:/bin/mkdir -p /dev/shm
However this is broken when static /dev management is selected and the root
filesystem is read-only, showing during boot the error:
mkdir: can't create directory '/dev/shm': Read-only file system
Fix it by creating the empty /dev/shm directory, just like /dev/pts.
Signed-off-by: Luca Ceresoli <luca@lucaceresoli.net>
Reviewed-by: "Yann E. MORIN" <yann.morin.1998@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: Peter Korsgaard <peter@korsgaard.com>
Making the getty option a menuconfig instead of a simple config
automatically moves its dependees into a menu without the need to
manually declare such a menu.
Signed-off-by: "Yann E. MORIN" <yann.morin.1998@free.fr>
Acked-by: Arnout Vandecappelle (Essensium/Mind) <arnout@mind.be>
Reviewed-by: Vicente Olivert Riera <Vincent.Riera@imgtec.com>
Tested-by: Vicente Olivert Riera <Vincent.Riera@imgtec.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Korsgaard <peter@korsgaard.com>
The comment line that explains that systemd needs a glibc toolchain and
kernel headers >= 3.10 doesn't fit in the dialog box, which makes it
look as if headers >= 3.1 are needed.
Abbreviate the comment a little by removing an 'an'. It still doesn't
fit completely (only one trailing * is shown), but at least it's
readable.
While we're at it, change the quoting style to " like we always use.
Reported-by: eschu on IRC
Signed-off-by: Arnout Vandecappelle (Essensium/Mind) <arnout@mind.be>
Acked-by: "Yann E. MORIN" <yann.morin.1998@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: Peter Korsgaard <peter@korsgaard.com>
Create a proper package for the skeleton.
The main Makefile is modified to remove the skeleton support.
The 'dirs' target, will create the $(TARGET_DIR).
The file 'output/target/.root' doesn't exists anymore, as there's no
Make rule to statisfy.
The infrastructure are modified to filter host-skeleton.
It's needed becauses the host-dependencies are derived from the
dependencies of the target package where 'host-' is preprended to the
depedency name.
In the pkg-generic we add skeleton as a dependency to every package.
The whole system/system.mk is now removed at the profit of
package/skeleton/skeleton.mk
[Thomas:
- rebase on top of master and fix some minor conflicts
- remove the 'select BR2_PACKAGE_SKELETON' in
BR2_ROOTFS_SKELETON_DEFAULT and BR2_ROOTFS_SKELETON_CUSTOM, since
anyway the skeleton package is always enabled.
- fixup a few mistakes in the getty handling due to misnamed
variables.]
Signed-off-by: Maxime Hadjinlian <maxime.hadjinlian@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Following the introduction of the initscripts package in commit
89d39fc7a3 ("initscripts: new package"),
the /etc/inittab file is no longer part of the skeleton, and therefore
is not always installed.
However, system/system.mk tweaks the inittab for getty and filesystem
remount as rw, without taking the precautions of whether the init
system is Busybox or SysV. This commit fixes that by adding the
necessary conditions around the code adjusting the inittab file.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
The folder init.d is currently installed by default since it's part of
our skeleton.
This patch creates a package out of it and make busybox/sysvinit depends
on it.
This way, if you chose another init, you don't end up with a useless
init.d folder.
[Thomas:
- make the initscripts package selectable via a hidden bool
- remove some unneeded changes in sysvinit.mk.]
Signed-off-by: Maxime Hadjinlian <maxime.hadjinlian@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Add /etc/profile.d/locale.sh script from Arch Linux to /etc/profile.
This script looks for locale.conf, sources it, and exports the LANG and
LC_* variables.
[Arnout: put in /etc/profile in the skeleton rather than making it
systemd specific.]
Signed-off-by: Maxim Mikityanskiy <maxtram95@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnout Vandecappelle (Essensium/Mind) <arnout@mind.be>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
securetty is supposed to restrict the terminals root is allowed to
login from. As it happens, login from busybox (w/ securetty support)
is actually enforcing use of securetty, while login from util-linux
is completely ignoring securetty altogether.
Remove securetty from our skeleton altogether and stop worrying about
it.
Signed-off-by: "Yann E. MORIN" <yann.morin.1998@free.fr>
Cc: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Cc: Arnout Vandecappelle <arnout@mind.be>
Cc: Gustavo Zacarias <gustavo@zacarias.com.ar>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
A random-seed from a read-only filesystem is useless.
Also, drop the check for /etc/random-seed existence; it must exist after a
touch.
Signed-off-by: Baruch Siach <baruch@tkos.co.il>
Signed-off-by: Peter Korsgaard <peter@korsgaard.com>