2012-11-11 04:14:42 +01:00
|
|
|
// -*- mode:doc; -*-
|
2013-02-13 13:59:02 +01:00
|
|
|
// vim: set syntax=asciidoc:
|
2012-11-11 04:14:42 +01:00
|
|
|
|
manual: use one-line titles instead of two-line titles (trivial)
Asciidoc supports two syntaxes for section titles: two-line titles (title
plus underline consisting of a particular symbol), and one-line titles
(title prefixed with a specific number of = signs).
The two-line title underlines are:
Level 0 (top level): ======================
Level 1: ----------------------
Level 2: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Level 3: ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Level 4 (bottom level): ++++++++++++++++++++++
and the one-line title prefixes:
= Document Title (level 0) =
== Section title (level 1) ==
=== Section title (level 2) ===
==== Section title (level 3) ====
===== Section title (level 4) =====
The buildroot manual is currenly using the two-line titles, but this has
multiple disadvantages:
- asciidoc also uses some of the underline symbols for other purposes (like
preformatted code, example blocks, ...), which makes it difficult to do
mass replacements, such as a planned follow-up patch that needs to move
all sections one level down.
- it is difficult to remember which level a given underline symbol (=-~^+)
corresponds to, while counting = signs is easy.
This patch changes all two-level titles to one-level titles in the manual.
The bulk of the change was done with the following Python script, except for
the level 1 titles (-----) as these underlines are also used for literal
code blocks.
This patch only changes the titles, no other changes. In
adding-packages-directory.txt, I did add missing newlines between some
titles and their content.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
import mmap
import re
for input in sys.argv[1:]:
f = open(input, 'r+')
f.flush()
s = mmap.mmap(f.fileno(), 0)
# Level 0 (top level): ====================== =
# Level 1: ---------------------- ==
# Level 2: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ===
# Level 3: ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ====
# Level 4 (bottom level): ++++++++++++++++++++++ =====
def replace_title(s, symbol, replacement):
pattern = re.compile(r'(.+\n)\%s{2,}\n' % symbol, re.MULTILINE)
return pattern.sub(r'%s \1' % replacement, s)
new = s
new = replace_title(new, '=', '=')
new = replace_title(new, '+', '=====')
new = replace_title(new, '^', '====')
new = replace_title(new, '~', '===')
#new = replace_title(new, '-', '==')
s.seek(0)
s.write(new)
s.resize(s.tell())
s.close()
f.close()
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Signed-off-by: Thomas De Schampheleire <thomas.de.schampheleire@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Korsgaard <peter@korsgaard.com>
2014-05-02 07:47:30 +02:00
|
|
|
== Daily use
|
2012-11-11 04:14:42 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
include::rebuilding-packages.txt[]
|
2012-11-11 04:14:44 +01:00
|
|
|
|
manual: use one-line titles instead of two-line titles (trivial)
Asciidoc supports two syntaxes for section titles: two-line titles (title
plus underline consisting of a particular symbol), and one-line titles
(title prefixed with a specific number of = signs).
The two-line title underlines are:
Level 0 (top level): ======================
Level 1: ----------------------
Level 2: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Level 3: ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Level 4 (bottom level): ++++++++++++++++++++++
and the one-line title prefixes:
= Document Title (level 0) =
== Section title (level 1) ==
=== Section title (level 2) ===
==== Section title (level 3) ====
===== Section title (level 4) =====
The buildroot manual is currenly using the two-line titles, but this has
multiple disadvantages:
- asciidoc also uses some of the underline symbols for other purposes (like
preformatted code, example blocks, ...), which makes it difficult to do
mass replacements, such as a planned follow-up patch that needs to move
all sections one level down.
- it is difficult to remember which level a given underline symbol (=-~^+)
corresponds to, while counting = signs is easy.
This patch changes all two-level titles to one-level titles in the manual.
The bulk of the change was done with the following Python script, except for
the level 1 titles (-----) as these underlines are also used for literal
code blocks.
This patch only changes the titles, no other changes. In
adding-packages-directory.txt, I did add missing newlines between some
titles and their content.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
import mmap
import re
for input in sys.argv[1:]:
f = open(input, 'r+')
f.flush()
s = mmap.mmap(f.fileno(), 0)
# Level 0 (top level): ====================== =
# Level 1: ---------------------- ==
# Level 2: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ===
# Level 3: ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ====
# Level 4 (bottom level): ++++++++++++++++++++++ =====
def replace_title(s, symbol, replacement):
pattern = re.compile(r'(.+\n)\%s{2,}\n' % symbol, re.MULTILINE)
return pattern.sub(r'%s \1' % replacement, s)
new = s
new = replace_title(new, '=', '=')
new = replace_title(new, '+', '=====')
new = replace_title(new, '^', '====')
new = replace_title(new, '~', '===')
#new = replace_title(new, '-', '==')
s.seek(0)
s.write(new)
s.resize(s.tell())
s.close()
f.close()
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Signed-off-by: Thomas De Schampheleire <thomas.de.schampheleire@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Korsgaard <peter@korsgaard.com>
2014-05-02 07:47:30 +02:00
|
|
|
=== Offline builds
|
2012-11-11 04:14:44 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you intend to do an offline build and just want to download
|
|
|
|
|
all sources that you previously selected in the configurator
|
2013-12-09 01:07:40 +01:00
|
|
|
('menuconfig', 'nconfig', 'xconfig' or 'gconfig'), then issue:
|
2012-11-11 04:14:44 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
--------------------
|
|
|
|
|
$ make source
|
|
|
|
|
--------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can now disconnect or copy the content of your +dl+
|
|
|
|
|
directory to the build-host.
|
|
|
|
|
|
manual: use one-line titles instead of two-line titles (trivial)
Asciidoc supports two syntaxes for section titles: two-line titles (title
plus underline consisting of a particular symbol), and one-line titles
(title prefixed with a specific number of = signs).
The two-line title underlines are:
Level 0 (top level): ======================
Level 1: ----------------------
Level 2: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Level 3: ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Level 4 (bottom level): ++++++++++++++++++++++
and the one-line title prefixes:
= Document Title (level 0) =
== Section title (level 1) ==
=== Section title (level 2) ===
==== Section title (level 3) ====
===== Section title (level 4) =====
The buildroot manual is currenly using the two-line titles, but this has
multiple disadvantages:
- asciidoc also uses some of the underline symbols for other purposes (like
preformatted code, example blocks, ...), which makes it difficult to do
mass replacements, such as a planned follow-up patch that needs to move
all sections one level down.
- it is difficult to remember which level a given underline symbol (=-~^+)
corresponds to, while counting = signs is easy.
This patch changes all two-level titles to one-level titles in the manual.
The bulk of the change was done with the following Python script, except for
the level 1 titles (-----) as these underlines are also used for literal
code blocks.
This patch only changes the titles, no other changes. In
adding-packages-directory.txt, I did add missing newlines between some
titles and their content.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
import mmap
import re
for input in sys.argv[1:]:
f = open(input, 'r+')
f.flush()
s = mmap.mmap(f.fileno(), 0)
# Level 0 (top level): ====================== =
# Level 1: ---------------------- ==
# Level 2: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ===
# Level 3: ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ====
# Level 4 (bottom level): ++++++++++++++++++++++ =====
def replace_title(s, symbol, replacement):
pattern = re.compile(r'(.+\n)\%s{2,}\n' % symbol, re.MULTILINE)
return pattern.sub(r'%s \1' % replacement, s)
new = s
new = replace_title(new, '=', '=')
new = replace_title(new, '+', '=====')
new = replace_title(new, '^', '====')
new = replace_title(new, '~', '===')
#new = replace_title(new, '-', '==')
s.seek(0)
s.write(new)
s.resize(s.tell())
s.close()
f.close()
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Signed-off-by: Thomas De Schampheleire <thomas.de.schampheleire@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Korsgaard <peter@korsgaard.com>
2014-05-02 07:47:30 +02:00
|
|
|
=== Building out-of-tree
|
2012-11-11 04:14:44 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As default, everything built by Buildroot is stored in the directory
|
2012-11-16 05:54:19 +01:00
|
|
|
+output+ in the Buildroot tree.
|
2012-11-11 04:14:44 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Buildroot also supports building out of tree with a syntax similar to
|
|
|
|
|
the Linux kernel. To use it, add +O=<directory>+ to the make command
|
|
|
|
|
line:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
--------------------
|
|
|
|
|
$ make O=/tmp/build
|
|
|
|
|
--------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Or:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
--------------------
|
|
|
|
|
$ cd /tmp/build; make O=$PWD -C path/to/buildroot
|
|
|
|
|
--------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014-02-21 23:17:54 +01:00
|
|
|
All the output files will be located under +/tmp/build+. If the +O+
|
|
|
|
|
path does not exist, Buildroot will create it.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*Note:* the +O+ path can be either an absolute or a relative path, but if it's
|
|
|
|
|
passed as a relative path, it is important to note that it is interpreted
|
|
|
|
|
relative to the main Buildroot source directory, *not* the current working
|
|
|
|
|
directory.
|
2012-11-11 04:14:44 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
When using out-of-tree builds, the Buildroot +.config+ and temporary
|
|
|
|
|
files are also stored in the output directory. This means that you can
|
|
|
|
|
safely run multiple builds in parallel using the same source tree as
|
|
|
|
|
long as they use unique output directories.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For ease of use, Buildroot generates a Makefile wrapper in the output
|
2014-02-21 23:17:54 +01:00
|
|
|
directory - so after the first run, you no longer need to pass +O=<...>+
|
|
|
|
|
and +-C <...>+, simply run (in the output directory):
|
2012-11-11 04:14:44 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
--------------------
|
|
|
|
|
$ make <target>
|
|
|
|
|
--------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[[env-vars]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
manual: use one-line titles instead of two-line titles (trivial)
Asciidoc supports two syntaxes for section titles: two-line titles (title
plus underline consisting of a particular symbol), and one-line titles
(title prefixed with a specific number of = signs).
The two-line title underlines are:
Level 0 (top level): ======================
Level 1: ----------------------
Level 2: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Level 3: ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Level 4 (bottom level): ++++++++++++++++++++++
and the one-line title prefixes:
= Document Title (level 0) =
== Section title (level 1) ==
=== Section title (level 2) ===
==== Section title (level 3) ====
===== Section title (level 4) =====
The buildroot manual is currenly using the two-line titles, but this has
multiple disadvantages:
- asciidoc also uses some of the underline symbols for other purposes (like
preformatted code, example blocks, ...), which makes it difficult to do
mass replacements, such as a planned follow-up patch that needs to move
all sections one level down.
- it is difficult to remember which level a given underline symbol (=-~^+)
corresponds to, while counting = signs is easy.
This patch changes all two-level titles to one-level titles in the manual.
The bulk of the change was done with the following Python script, except for
the level 1 titles (-----) as these underlines are also used for literal
code blocks.
This patch only changes the titles, no other changes. In
adding-packages-directory.txt, I did add missing newlines between some
titles and their content.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
import mmap
import re
for input in sys.argv[1:]:
f = open(input, 'r+')
f.flush()
s = mmap.mmap(f.fileno(), 0)
# Level 0 (top level): ====================== =
# Level 1: ---------------------- ==
# Level 2: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ===
# Level 3: ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ====
# Level 4 (bottom level): ++++++++++++++++++++++ =====
def replace_title(s, symbol, replacement):
pattern = re.compile(r'(.+\n)\%s{2,}\n' % symbol, re.MULTILINE)
return pattern.sub(r'%s \1' % replacement, s)
new = s
new = replace_title(new, '=', '=')
new = replace_title(new, '+', '=====')
new = replace_title(new, '^', '====')
new = replace_title(new, '~', '===')
#new = replace_title(new, '-', '==')
s.seek(0)
s.write(new)
s.resize(s.tell())
s.close()
f.close()
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Signed-off-by: Thomas De Schampheleire <thomas.de.schampheleire@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Korsgaard <peter@korsgaard.com>
2014-05-02 07:47:30 +02:00
|
|
|
=== Environment variables
|
2012-11-11 04:14:44 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Buildroot also honors some environment variables, when they are passed
|
|
|
|
|
to +make+ or set in the environment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* +HOSTCXX+, the host C++ compiler to use
|
|
|
|
|
* +HOSTCC+, the host C compiler to use
|
|
|
|
|
* +UCLIBC_CONFIG_FILE=<path/to/.config>+, path to
|
|
|
|
|
the uClibc configuration file, used to compile uClibc, if an
|
|
|
|
|
internal toolchain is being built.
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
Note that the uClibc configuration file can also be set from the
|
2012-11-27 12:59:16 +01:00
|
|
|
configuration interface, so through the Buildroot +.config+ file; this
|
2012-11-16 05:54:19 +01:00
|
|
|
is the recommended way of setting it.
|
2012-11-11 04:14:44 +01:00
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
* +BUSYBOX_CONFIG_FILE=<path/to/.config>+, path to
|
2014-05-31 09:55:35 +02:00
|
|
|
the BusyBox configuration file.
|
2012-11-11 04:14:44 +01:00
|
|
|
+
|
2014-05-31 09:55:35 +02:00
|
|
|
Note that the BusyBox configuration file can also be set from the
|
2012-11-27 12:59:16 +01:00
|
|
|
configuration interface, so through the Buildroot +.config+ file; this
|
2012-11-16 05:54:19 +01:00
|
|
|
is the recommended way of setting it.
|
2012-11-11 04:14:44 +01:00
|
|
|
+
|
2014-02-04 16:18:51 +01:00
|
|
|
* +BR2_DL_DIR+ to override the directory in which
|
2012-11-11 04:14:44 +01:00
|
|
|
Buildroot stores/retrieves downloaded files
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
Note that the Buildroot download directory can also be set from the
|
2012-11-27 12:59:16 +01:00
|
|
|
configuration interface, so through the Buildroot +.config+ file; this
|
2012-11-16 05:54:19 +01:00
|
|
|
is the recommended way of setting it.
|
2014-02-24 22:40:48 +01:00
|
|
|
* +BR2_GRAPH_ALT+, if set and non-empty, to use an alternate color-scheme in
|
2013-12-28 18:39:11 +01:00
|
|
|
build-time graphs
|
2014-02-24 22:40:48 +01:00
|
|
|
* +BR2_GRAPH_OUT+ to set the filetype of generated graphs, either +pdf+ (the
|
2013-12-28 18:39:13 +01:00
|
|
|
default), or +png+.
|
2014-05-16 23:05:13 +02:00
|
|
|
* +BR2_GRAPH_DEPS_OPTS+ to pass extra options to the dependency graph; see
|
|
|
|
|
xref:graph-depends[] for the accepted options
|
2014-06-08 16:03:53 +02:00
|
|
|
* +BR2_GRAPH_DOT_OPTS+ is passed verbatim as options to the +dot+ utility to
|
|
|
|
|
draw the dependency graph.
|
2012-11-11 04:14:44 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
An example that uses config files located in the toplevel directory and
|
|
|
|
|
in your $HOME:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
--------------------
|
|
|
|
|
$ make UCLIBC_CONFIG_FILE=uClibc.config BUSYBOX_CONFIG_FILE=$HOME/bb.config
|
|
|
|
|
--------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you want to use a compiler other than the default +gcc+
|
|
|
|
|
or +g+++ for building helper-binaries on your host, then do
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
--------------------
|
|
|
|
|
$ make HOSTCXX=g++-4.3-HEAD HOSTCC=gcc-4.3-HEAD
|
|
|
|
|
--------------------
|
2014-01-07 23:46:08 +01:00
|
|
|
|
manual: use one-line titles instead of two-line titles (trivial)
Asciidoc supports two syntaxes for section titles: two-line titles (title
plus underline consisting of a particular symbol), and one-line titles
(title prefixed with a specific number of = signs).
The two-line title underlines are:
Level 0 (top level): ======================
Level 1: ----------------------
Level 2: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Level 3: ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Level 4 (bottom level): ++++++++++++++++++++++
and the one-line title prefixes:
= Document Title (level 0) =
== Section title (level 1) ==
=== Section title (level 2) ===
==== Section title (level 3) ====
===== Section title (level 4) =====
The buildroot manual is currenly using the two-line titles, but this has
multiple disadvantages:
- asciidoc also uses some of the underline symbols for other purposes (like
preformatted code, example blocks, ...), which makes it difficult to do
mass replacements, such as a planned follow-up patch that needs to move
all sections one level down.
- it is difficult to remember which level a given underline symbol (=-~^+)
corresponds to, while counting = signs is easy.
This patch changes all two-level titles to one-level titles in the manual.
The bulk of the change was done with the following Python script, except for
the level 1 titles (-----) as these underlines are also used for literal
code blocks.
This patch only changes the titles, no other changes. In
adding-packages-directory.txt, I did add missing newlines between some
titles and their content.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
import mmap
import re
for input in sys.argv[1:]:
f = open(input, 'r+')
f.flush()
s = mmap.mmap(f.fileno(), 0)
# Level 0 (top level): ====================== =
# Level 1: ---------------------- ==
# Level 2: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ===
# Level 3: ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ====
# Level 4 (bottom level): ++++++++++++++++++++++ =====
def replace_title(s, symbol, replacement):
pattern = re.compile(r'(.+\n)\%s{2,}\n' % symbol, re.MULTILINE)
return pattern.sub(r'%s \1' % replacement, s)
new = s
new = replace_title(new, '=', '=')
new = replace_title(new, '+', '=====')
new = replace_title(new, '^', '====')
new = replace_title(new, '~', '===')
#new = replace_title(new, '-', '==')
s.seek(0)
s.write(new)
s.resize(s.tell())
s.close()
f.close()
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Signed-off-by: Thomas De Schampheleire <thomas.de.schampheleire@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Korsgaard <peter@korsgaard.com>
2014-05-02 07:47:30 +02:00
|
|
|
=== Dealing efficiently with filesystem images
|
2014-01-07 23:46:08 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Filesystem images can get pretty big, depending on the filesystem you choose,
|
|
|
|
|
the number of packages, whether you provisioned free space... Yet, some
|
2014-03-28 22:24:49 +01:00
|
|
|
locations in the filesystems images may just be _empty_ (e.g. a long run of
|
2014-01-07 23:46:08 +01:00
|
|
|
'zeroes'); such a file is called a _sparse_ file.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Most tools can handle sparse files efficiently, and will only store or write
|
|
|
|
|
those parts of a sparse file that are not empty.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For example:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* +tar+ accepts the +-S+ option to tell it to only store non-zero blocks
|
|
|
|
|
of sparse files:
|
|
|
|
|
** +tar cf archive.tar -S [files...]+ will efficiently store sparse files
|
|
|
|
|
in a tarball
|
|
|
|
|
** +tar xf archive.tar -S+ will efficiently store sparse files extracted
|
|
|
|
|
from a tarball
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* +cp+ accepts the +--sparse=WHEN+ option (+WHEN+ is one of +auto+,
|
|
|
|
|
+never+ or +always+):
|
|
|
|
|
** +cp --sparse=always source.file dest.file+ will make +dest.file+ a
|
|
|
|
|
sparse file if +source.file+ has long runs of zeroes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other tools may have similar options. Please consult their respective man
|
|
|
|
|
pages.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014-03-28 22:24:49 +01:00
|
|
|
You can use sparse files if you need to store the filesystem images (e.g.
|
|
|
|
|
to transfer from one machine to another), or if you need to send them (e.g.
|
2014-01-07 23:46:08 +01:00
|
|
|
to the Q&A team).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note however that flashing a filesystem image to a device while using the
|
2014-03-28 22:24:49 +01:00
|
|
|
sparse mode of +dd+ may result in a broken filesystem (e.g. the block bitmap
|
2014-01-07 23:46:08 +01:00
|
|
|
of an ext2 filesystem may be corrupted; or, if you have sparse files in
|
|
|
|
|
your filesystem, those parts may not be all-zeroes when read back). You
|
|
|
|
|
should only use sparse files when handling files on the build machine, not
|
|
|
|
|
when transferring them to an actual device that will be used on the target.
|
2014-02-23 16:04:31 +01:00
|
|
|
|
manual: use one-line titles instead of two-line titles (trivial)
Asciidoc supports two syntaxes for section titles: two-line titles (title
plus underline consisting of a particular symbol), and one-line titles
(title prefixed with a specific number of = signs).
The two-line title underlines are:
Level 0 (top level): ======================
Level 1: ----------------------
Level 2: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Level 3: ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Level 4 (bottom level): ++++++++++++++++++++++
and the one-line title prefixes:
= Document Title (level 0) =
== Section title (level 1) ==
=== Section title (level 2) ===
==== Section title (level 3) ====
===== Section title (level 4) =====
The buildroot manual is currenly using the two-line titles, but this has
multiple disadvantages:
- asciidoc also uses some of the underline symbols for other purposes (like
preformatted code, example blocks, ...), which makes it difficult to do
mass replacements, such as a planned follow-up patch that needs to move
all sections one level down.
- it is difficult to remember which level a given underline symbol (=-~^+)
corresponds to, while counting = signs is easy.
This patch changes all two-level titles to one-level titles in the manual.
The bulk of the change was done with the following Python script, except for
the level 1 titles (-----) as these underlines are also used for literal
code blocks.
This patch only changes the titles, no other changes. In
adding-packages-directory.txt, I did add missing newlines between some
titles and their content.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
import mmap
import re
for input in sys.argv[1:]:
f = open(input, 'r+')
f.flush()
s = mmap.mmap(f.fileno(), 0)
# Level 0 (top level): ====================== =
# Level 1: ---------------------- ==
# Level 2: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ===
# Level 3: ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ====
# Level 4 (bottom level): ++++++++++++++++++++++ =====
def replace_title(s, symbol, replacement):
pattern = re.compile(r'(.+\n)\%s{2,}\n' % symbol, re.MULTILINE)
return pattern.sub(r'%s \1' % replacement, s)
new = s
new = replace_title(new, '=', '=')
new = replace_title(new, '+', '=====')
new = replace_title(new, '^', '====')
new = replace_title(new, '~', '===')
#new = replace_title(new, '-', '==')
s.seek(0)
s.write(new)
s.resize(s.tell())
s.close()
f.close()
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Signed-off-by: Thomas De Schampheleire <thomas.de.schampheleire@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Korsgaard <peter@korsgaard.com>
2014-05-02 07:47:30 +02:00
|
|
|
=== Graphing the dependencies between packages
|
2014-02-23 16:04:31 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[[graph-depends]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
One of Buildroot's jobs is to know the dependencies between packages,
|
|
|
|
|
and make sure they are built in the right order. These dependencies
|
|
|
|
|
can sometimes be quite complicated, and for a given system, it is
|
|
|
|
|
often not easy to understand why such or such package was brought into
|
|
|
|
|
the build by Buildroot.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In order to help understanding the dependencies, and therefore better
|
|
|
|
|
understand what is the role of the different components in your
|
|
|
|
|
embedded Linux system, Buildroot is capable of generating dependency
|
|
|
|
|
graphs.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
To generate a dependency graph of the full system you have compiled,
|
|
|
|
|
simply run:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
make graph-depends
|
|
|
|
|
------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
You will find the generated graph in
|
|
|
|
|
+output/graphs/graph-depends.pdf+.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If your system is quite large, the dependency graph may be too complex
|
|
|
|
|
and difficult to read. It is therefore possible to generate the
|
|
|
|
|
dependency graph just for a given package:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
make <pkg>-graph-depends
|
|
|
|
|
------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
You will find the generated graph in
|
|
|
|
|
+output/graph/<pkg>-graph-depends.pdf+.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note that the dependency graphs are generated using the +dot+ tool
|
|
|
|
|
from the _Graphviz_ project, which you must have installed on your
|
|
|
|
|
system to use this feature. In most distributions, it is available as
|
|
|
|
|
the +graphviz+ package.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
By default, the dependency graphs are generated in the PDF
|
2014-02-24 22:40:48 +01:00
|
|
|
format. However, by passing the +BR2_GRAPH_OUT+ environment variable, you
|
2014-02-23 16:04:31 +01:00
|
|
|
can switch to other output formats, such as PNG, PostScript or
|
|
|
|
|
SVG. All formats supported by the +-T+ option of the +dot+ tool are
|
|
|
|
|
supported.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
--------------------------------
|
2014-02-24 22:40:48 +01:00
|
|
|
BR2_GRAPH_OUT=svg make graph-depends
|
2014-02-23 16:04:31 +01:00
|
|
|
--------------------------------
|
2014-02-23 16:04:32 +01:00
|
|
|
|
2014-05-16 23:05:13 +02:00
|
|
|
The +graph-depends+ behaviour can be controlled by setting options in the
|
|
|
|
|
+BR2_GRAPH_DEPS_OPTS+ environment variable. The accepted options are:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* +--depth N+, +-d N+, to limit the dependency depth to +N+ levels. The
|
|
|
|
|
default, +0+, means no limit.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014-06-08 16:03:53 +02:00
|
|
|
* +--transitive+, +--no-transitive+, to draw (or not) the transitive
|
2014-06-10 00:28:56 +02:00
|
|
|
dependencies. The default is to not draw transitive dependencies.
|
2014-06-08 16:03:53 +02:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* +--colours R,T,H+, the comma-separated list of colours to draw the
|
|
|
|
|
root package (+R+), the target packages (+T+) and the host packages
|
|
|
|
|
(+H+). Defaults to: +lightblue,grey,gainsboro+
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014-05-16 23:05:13 +02:00
|
|
|
--------------------------------
|
2014-06-08 16:03:53 +02:00
|
|
|
BR2_GRAPH_DEPS_OPTS='-d 3 --no-transitive --colours=red,green,blue' make graph-depends
|
2014-05-16 23:05:13 +02:00
|
|
|
--------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
manual: use one-line titles instead of two-line titles (trivial)
Asciidoc supports two syntaxes for section titles: two-line titles (title
plus underline consisting of a particular symbol), and one-line titles
(title prefixed with a specific number of = signs).
The two-line title underlines are:
Level 0 (top level): ======================
Level 1: ----------------------
Level 2: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Level 3: ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Level 4 (bottom level): ++++++++++++++++++++++
and the one-line title prefixes:
= Document Title (level 0) =
== Section title (level 1) ==
=== Section title (level 2) ===
==== Section title (level 3) ====
===== Section title (level 4) =====
The buildroot manual is currenly using the two-line titles, but this has
multiple disadvantages:
- asciidoc also uses some of the underline symbols for other purposes (like
preformatted code, example blocks, ...), which makes it difficult to do
mass replacements, such as a planned follow-up patch that needs to move
all sections one level down.
- it is difficult to remember which level a given underline symbol (=-~^+)
corresponds to, while counting = signs is easy.
This patch changes all two-level titles to one-level titles in the manual.
The bulk of the change was done with the following Python script, except for
the level 1 titles (-----) as these underlines are also used for literal
code blocks.
This patch only changes the titles, no other changes. In
adding-packages-directory.txt, I did add missing newlines between some
titles and their content.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
import mmap
import re
for input in sys.argv[1:]:
f = open(input, 'r+')
f.flush()
s = mmap.mmap(f.fileno(), 0)
# Level 0 (top level): ====================== =
# Level 1: ---------------------- ==
# Level 2: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ===
# Level 3: ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ====
# Level 4 (bottom level): ++++++++++++++++++++++ =====
def replace_title(s, symbol, replacement):
pattern = re.compile(r'(.+\n)\%s{2,}\n' % symbol, re.MULTILINE)
return pattern.sub(r'%s \1' % replacement, s)
new = s
new = replace_title(new, '=', '=')
new = replace_title(new, '+', '=====')
new = replace_title(new, '^', '====')
new = replace_title(new, '~', '===')
#new = replace_title(new, '-', '==')
s.seek(0)
s.write(new)
s.resize(s.tell())
s.close()
f.close()
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Signed-off-by: Thomas De Schampheleire <thomas.de.schampheleire@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Korsgaard <peter@korsgaard.com>
2014-05-02 07:47:30 +02:00
|
|
|
=== Graphing the build duration
|
2014-02-23 16:04:32 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[[graph-duration]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
When the build of a system takes a long time, it is sometimes useful
|
|
|
|
|
to be able to understand which packages are the longest to build, to
|
|
|
|
|
see if anything can be done to speed up the build. In order to help
|
|
|
|
|
such build time analysis, Buildroot collects the build time of each
|
2014-02-24 09:58:04 +01:00
|
|
|
step of each package, and allows to generate graphs from this data.
|
2014-02-23 16:04:32 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
To generate the build time graph after a build, run:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
|
make graph-build
|
|
|
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This will generate a set of files in +output/graphs+ :
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014-02-24 09:58:04 +01:00
|
|
|
* +build.hist-build.pdf+, a histogram of the build time for each
|
2014-02-23 16:04:32 +01:00
|
|
|
package, ordered in the build order.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014-02-24 09:58:04 +01:00
|
|
|
* +build.hist-duration.pdf+, a histogram of the build time for each
|
2014-02-23 16:04:32 +01:00
|
|
|
package, ordered by duration (longest first)
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014-02-24 09:58:04 +01:00
|
|
|
* +build.hist-name.pdf+, a histogram of the build time for each
|
2014-02-23 16:04:32 +01:00
|
|
|
package, order by package name.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* +build.pie-packages.pdf+, a pie chart of the build time per package
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* +build.pie-steps.pdf+, a pie chart of the global time spent in each
|
|
|
|
|
step of the packages build process.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This +graph-build+ target requires the Python Matplotlib and Numpy
|
|
|
|
|
libraries to be installed (+python-matplotlib+ and +python-numpy+ on
|
|
|
|
|
most distributions), and also the +argparse+ module if you're using a
|
|
|
|
|
Python version older than 2.7 (+python-argparse+ on most
|
|
|
|
|
distributions).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
By default, the output format for the graph is PDF, but a different
|
2014-02-24 22:40:48 +01:00
|
|
|
format can be selected using the +BR2_GRAPH_OUT+ environment variable. The
|
2014-02-23 16:04:32 +01:00
|
|
|
only other format supported is PNG:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
----------------
|
2014-02-24 22:40:48 +01:00
|
|
|
BR2_GRAPH_OUT=png make graph-build
|
2014-02-23 16:04:32 +01:00
|
|
|
----------------
|
